BBC - The Blue Planet (7 of 8) - Tidal Seas
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There is a force sufficiently powerful[br]to move the oceans of this world
00:01:06.33,00:01:10.32
It is a force, not of this earth
00:01:13.34,00:01:16.34
The moon is large enough[br]to generate gravity
00:01:16.34,00:01:20.34
and with sufficient force[br]to pull on the earth,
00:01:20.34,00:01:24.34
two hundred and thirty[br]thousand miles away
00:01:25.35,00:01:29.34
As the moon orbits the earth its gravity[br]sweeps across the face of our planet
00:01:31.36,00:01:35.35
Its power drags a great bulge of oceanic[br]water in its wake
00:01:43.37,00:01:47.36
- the rising tide
00:01:49.37,00:01:53.37
The River Amazon in Brazil
00:01:54.38,00:01:57.38
On some special days the[br]gravitational forces
00:01:57.38,00:02:01.37
of the moon and the sun pull together[br]- to extraordinary effect
00:02:08.39,00:02:12.39
A growing tidal wave from the ocean[br]is being forced two hundred miles inland
00:02:16.40,00:02:20.39
This is a tidal bore
00:02:56.44,00:02:58.44
Fortunately tidal bores are rare,
00:02:58.44,00:03:02.45
but the moon does create strong[br]tides out in the world's oceans,
00:03:02.45,00:03:06.44
on every day of the year
00:03:12.46,00:03:16.45
The Bay of Fundy, in Nova Scotia
00:03:19.46,00:03:21.47
The tides here are[br]the largest in the world
00:03:21.47,00:03:25.46
and have a profound effect on marine life,[br]creating a rich feeding ground
00:03:31.48,00:03:35.47
A feast that attracts some of the[br]largest diners on the planet
00:03:45.49,00:03:49.48
Humpback whales
00:03:50.49,00:03:54.49
But they are not the biggest[br]threat to the herring
00:04:07.51,00:04:10.51
These are finback whales
00:04:10.51,00:04:14.52
At seventy tonnes - the second[br]largest animal on earth,
00:04:14.52,00:04:18.51
but so beautifully streamlined that[br]it is the fastest of the great whales
00:04:21.53,00:04:24.53
This combination of[br]speed and immense size
00:04:24.53,00:04:28.52
makes the finback a voracious[br]hunter of schooling fish
00:04:31.54,00:04:35.54
The Bay of Fundy can attract so many fish,[br]that during the summer,
00:04:35.54,00:04:39.53
as many as five hundred of these[br]magnificent whales hunt here every day
00:04:44.55,00:04:48.54
The feeding is best where[br]the tides run strongly
00:04:49.55,00:04:52.56
So the whales move[br]further into the bay,
00:04:52.56,00:04:56.55
following tidal rips[br]and searching for fish
00:05:03.57,00:05:07.56
Their movements are closely watched[br]by flocks of Cory Shearwaters
00:05:12.58,00:05:14.58
As the whales dive down[br]toward the fish
00:05:14.58,00:05:18.57
- more and more birds gather,[br]anxious to pick up scraps
00:05:32.60,00:05:34.60
The flowing tide may provide[br]a feast for the whales,
00:05:34.60,00:05:38.59
but before long it will turn
00:05:41.61,00:05:45.61
In just six hours,[br]one hundred billion tonnes of water
00:05:45.61,00:05:49.61
will flow out of the bay
00:05:49.61,00:05:52.62
The sea level falling[br]by as much as 15 metres
00:05:52.62,00:05:56.61
and exposing vast tracts[br]of mud... and sand
00:05:58.62,00:06:02.62
At first sight a barren place,[br]entirely devoid of life
00:06:07.63,00:06:11.64
In fact, the damp sand is[br]packed with microscopic life
00:06:11.64,00:06:14.64
- the meiofauna,[br]feeding in a sandy underworld,
00:06:14.64,00:06:18.63
quite unaffected by[br]the departure of the sea
00:06:22.65,00:06:26.64
But life is not all roses[br]in this miniature world
00:06:28.65,00:06:32.65
A sand bubbler crab - in Northern[br]Australia - it hunts meiofauna
00:06:34.66,00:06:38.65
Just a centimetre across, the sand[br]bubbler works at breakneck speed,
00:06:39.66,00:06:41.67
passing sand grains[br]into its mouth,
00:06:41.67,00:06:45.66
filtering out all the meiofauna[br]and kicking aside the waste
00:06:50.67,00:06:54.67
The crab will clean every grain of[br]sand within a metre of its burrow
00:06:57.68,00:07:01.67
Endless practise for the best back[br]heel in the Natural World
00:07:22.71,00:07:26.71
The crabs work fast because they can[br]only sieve when the sand is damp
00:07:26.71,00:07:29.71
Remarkably, they work the entire[br]surface of the beach
00:07:29.71,00:07:33.71
within just a couple of hours[br]of the tide retreating
00:07:40.72,00:07:44.72
Then they simply return to their[br]burrows and await the next tide
00:07:52.74,00:07:56.73
Underwater a falling tide is the[br]cue for some bizarre activity
00:08:01.75,00:08:04.75
These slow moving clams[br]use their muscular feet
00:08:04.75,00:08:08.74
to bury themselves under the sand
00:08:09.75,00:08:11.76
If they fail to get under cover,
00:08:11.76,00:08:15.75
the tide will leave them exposed[br]to the air and they will perish
00:08:18.76,00:08:22.77
But once underground they can[br]wait deep down in the sand,
00:08:22.77,00:08:26.76
safe beneath the beach
00:08:29.77,00:08:33.77
And not a moment too soon
00:08:34.78,00:08:38.78
June in Southeast Alaska[br]and in just four hours
00:08:38.78,00:08:42.78
a vast sandy beach is exposed[br]by the falling tide
00:08:49.79,00:08:52.80
The bears are hungry[br]- at this time of year
00:08:52.80,00:08:56.79
the pickings on land[br]are few and far between
00:08:57.80,00:09:01.79
But any food here has long since[br]buried itself deep under the sand
00:09:07.81,00:09:10.81
To a hungry adult bear[br]that is no barrier
00:09:10.81,00:09:14.81
- they smell the clams through[br]the sand and simply dig them out
00:09:18.82,00:09:21.83
For such large animals,[br]they show quite extraordinary dexterity
00:09:21.83,00:09:25.82
at opening the unfortunate[br]shellfish
00:09:43.85,00:09:47.84
Cubs try their luck, too,[br]none too successfully!
00:09:53.86,00:09:57.85
But for the adults the shellfish feast[br]lasts as long as the tide remains out
00:10:03.87,00:10:07.86
Table Mountain in South Africa
00:10:11.88,00:10:15.87
Every day the retreating waves leave[br]flotsam somewhere on the beach...
00:10:16.88,00:10:20.87
...and this creature is scenting the[br]currents for the odour of rotting fish
00:10:23.89,00:10:27.88
The tide carries the scent[br]far into the surf zone
00:10:30.89,00:10:34.89
Responding to the smell,[br]snails emerge from the sand
00:10:41.91,00:10:45.90
This is a race against the tide[br]- the snails need to find their meal
00:10:46.91,00:10:50.91
before the tide leaves it[br]beyond their reach
00:10:50.91,00:10:54.91
But snails are slow and[br]the tides fall rapidly
00:10:57.92,00:11:01.91
These, however,[br]are no ordinary snails
00:11:02.93,00:11:06.92
They can surf!
00:11:29.95,00:11:32.96
They ride the waves up[br]the beach but all too soon
00:11:32.96,00:11:36.95
the tide leaves the fish[br]beyond the surf zone
00:11:43.97,00:11:47.97
Without the sea there's a danger[br]that the snails will lose the scent,
00:11:47.97,00:11:51.96
but as long as the sand remains damp they[br]can still follow a faint trail to the food
00:11:56.98,00:12:00.97
Once there they tuck in[br]with macabre relish
00:12:08.99,00:12:12.99
Good things come to[br]those who wait!
00:12:25.01,00:12:27.01
Before long the heat[br]of the sun forces them
00:12:27.01,00:12:31.00
to retreat into the sand to[br]await the return of the next tide
00:12:38.02,00:12:40.02
February in Britain
00:12:40.02,00:12:44.02
The falling tide is eagerly[br]awaited by these knot
00:13:08.05,00:13:12.06
As the water retreats[br]countless small invertebrates
00:13:12.06,00:13:16.05
are seeking shelter under the mud
00:13:18.06,00:13:22.05
And with good reason
00:13:36.08,00:13:39.08
Waders are specialists[br]at probing in the mud,
00:13:39.08,00:13:42.09
their wide variety of beak[br]shapes designed
00:13:42.09,00:13:44.09
for reaching different[br]invertebrate dinners
00:13:44.09,00:13:48.08
Keys that unlock the safety[br]of the tidal flats
00:14:00.10,00:14:04.10
But within a few hours[br]the tide will turn again
00:14:15.12,00:14:17.12
Soon the waders are out[br]of their depth
00:14:17.12,00:14:21.11
and the creatures of the mud[br]are safe once more
00:14:26.13,00:14:30.12
Underwater incoming tides[br]can create a strong current
00:14:31.13,00:14:35.13
And flounder are experts[br]at hitching a tidal lift
00:14:38.14,00:14:42.13
They are shaped rather like a kite[br]- a perfect design for gliding on the tide
00:14:46.15,00:14:49.15
In Newfoundland on the[br]East Coast of Canada,
00:14:49.15,00:14:53.15
large numbers of flounder ride[br]the currents up into the shallows
00:14:58.16,00:15:02.15
They have come to hunt invertebrates that[br]will emerge now that the water is back
00:15:22.19,00:15:26.18
The pickings in the shallows[br]can be very good
00:15:28.19,00:15:32.18
The activity has[br]not gone unnoticed
00:15:35.20,00:15:39.19
But Ospreys can't dive deeply
00:15:43.21,00:15:47.20
As long as the water is more than a meter[br]deep, the found then will be safe
00:15:59.22,00:16:03.22
Going too far inshore[br]can be a risky business
00:16:12.24,00:16:16.23
This fish buries itself completely[br]in the sand at any sign of danger
00:16:18.24,00:16:22.25
But when the tide floods in again,[br]as long as the coast is clear
00:16:22.25,00:16:26.24
- these sand lancet will re-emerge
00:16:34.26,00:16:38.26
After a wait of six hours under the sand,[br]they are desperate for food and,
00:16:38.26,00:16:42.25
unlike flounder,[br]they head out to sea
00:16:43.27,00:16:45.27
They are looking for[br]shallow open water,
00:16:45.27,00:16:49.26
where the tidal currents will[br]concentrate their food - plankton
00:16:57.28,00:17:01.27
In their untold thousand they stream[br]toward the best feeding grounds
00:17:02.29,00:17:06.28
Where they simply pick up[br]tiny planktonic creatures from the water
00:17:17.30,00:17:20.30
But, if they swim too far off-shore[br]in search of food,
00:17:20.30,00:17:24.30
they risk running into large predators[br]that live out in deeper water
00:17:28.31,00:17:32.30
Dogfish - small sharks
00:17:34.32,00:17:38.31
The sand lancet have strayed out[br]of their safe depth
00:18:37.38,00:18:41.37
The effect of the turning tide can[br]be totally different on a rocky shore
00:18:49.39,00:18:53.39
Here on the coast of Vancouver Island[br]in Canada the sun bakes the exposed rock
00:18:55.40,00:18:59.40
It's virtually impossible to dig[br]underground when the sea retreats,
00:18:59.40,00:19:03.41
so these mussels and barnacles are[br]fully exposed to the heat of the sun
00:19:03.41,00:19:07.40
- literally cooking[br]in their own shells
00:19:10.41,00:19:14.41
And the seaweed simply dry to a crisp
00:19:19.42,00:19:23.42
It can be a wait of many hours[br]before the water returns
00:19:27.43,00:19:31.42
Throughout each month the size[br]and strength of the tide changes
00:19:33.44,00:19:35.44
The biggest tides of all happen
00:19:35.44,00:19:38.44
when the gravities of the[br]sun and moon pull in unison
00:19:38.44,00:19:42.43
That happens immediately[br]after the new moon...
00:19:43.45,00:19:47.44
...and again after the full moon
00:19:51.45,00:19:54.46
These are called the spring tides
00:19:54.46,00:19:58.45
They reveal vast tracts of sea bed[br]that would normally be covered
00:20:02.47,00:20:06.46
For these racoons it's a chance[br]to look for a seafood feast
00:20:08.47,00:20:12.46
A mother ventures forth with her kits
00:20:13.48,00:20:16.48
With the spring tide, they've[br]come further down the beach
00:20:16.48,00:20:20.47
than smaller tides would normally allow
00:20:29.49,00:20:33.50
Searching with their[br]extraordinarily sensitive paws
00:20:33.50,00:20:35.50
- they look for suitable prey
00:20:35.50,00:20:39.49
With the extreme low tide they[br]could find something special
00:20:54.52,00:20:58.51
And what could be better[br]than a red rock crab
00:21:00.52,00:21:04.52
That is, if it weren't for the risk[br]of a painful pinch
00:21:09.53,00:21:13.54
With large crabs[br]there's no substitute for experience
00:21:13.54,00:21:17.53
- the mother makes an expert's catch
00:21:24.55,00:21:28.54
But the kits learn fast!
00:21:32.56,00:21:36.55
And for those that don't[br]- begging is always worth a try!
00:21:41.56,00:21:45.56
All too soon the returning tide[br]will cover the racoon's table
00:21:53.58,00:21:55.58
For all the invertebrates[br]it is a welcome relief,
00:21:55.58,00:21:59.57
but in rough weather they are[br]exposed to the worst of the waves
00:22:41.62,00:22:44.63
Even when there are no waves[br]- the incoming tide
00:22:44.63,00:22:47.63
can create considerable forces underwater
00:22:47.63,00:22:50.63
The gaps between these small islands on
00:22:50.63,00:22:54.63
the East coast of Vancouver[br]Island channel the tidal flow
00:22:55.64,00:22:58.64
As the tide keeps rising,[br]gradually the water flows
00:22:58.64,00:23:02.65
faster and soon these giant thirty metre
00:23:02.65,00:23:06.64
long bull kelp plants bend to the current
00:23:18.66,00:23:21.66
They are sufficiently flexible[br]to cope without too much damage,
00:23:21.66,00:23:25.66
but there are some spots where[br]the currents are especially powerful
00:23:28.67,00:23:31.67
This is the Nakwakto Rapids
00:23:31.67,00:23:35.68
At the turn of the tide,[br]water from almost seven hundred miles
00:23:35.68,00:23:38.68
of coastal fjords will have[br]to empty through a gap
00:23:38.68,00:23:41.68
of less than half a mile wide
00:23:41.68,00:23:45.69
Within a few minutes the current[br]is already picking up speed,
00:23:45.69,00:23:49.68
until water roars by at over[br]seventeen miles per hour
00:24:27.73,00:24:31.72
Tidal currents are not always[br]a damaging force
00:24:32.74,00:24:35.74
- here in the Poor Knight[br]Islands of New Zealand,
00:24:35.74,00:24:37.74
weak tides run through rock arches,
00:24:37.74,00:24:41.73
making an ideal resting[br]place for stingrays
00:24:51.75,00:24:55.75
These rays congregate here[br]in huge numbers every March
00:24:56.76,00:25:00.75
- they've come to breed
00:25:04.77,00:25:08.77
The arches funnel the current,[br]which the rays can ride
00:25:08.77,00:25:12.76
with a minimum of effort,[br]so saving energy
00:25:21.78,00:25:25.79
Nearby, out in open water,[br]a school of two spotted desmoiselle fish
00:25:25.79,00:25:28.79
are feeding on plankton[br]and the current
00:25:28.79,00:25:32.78
is perfect for sweeping[br]their food past them
00:25:44.81,00:25:46.81
Once the current starts to weaken,
00:25:46.81,00:25:49.81
there is insufficient food to[br]warrant the risks of swimming
00:25:49.81,00:25:52.82
about out here in the open
00:25:52.82,00:25:56.81
So the desmoiselles head off[br]to find shelter en-masse
00:25:57.82,00:26:01.81
Safety is in numbers
00:26:08.83,00:26:12.84
More and more desmoiselles pour[br]towards the cave entrances
00:26:12.84,00:26:16.83
that riddle the Poor[br]Knight's islands
00:26:43.87,00:26:46.87
Safe at last - inside the cave
00:26:46.87,00:26:50.86
they are far less exposed[br]to attack from predators
00:26:53.88,00:26:57.87
Thousands of desmoiselles and blue mao mao[br]wait for the return of the current,
00:26:58.88,00:27:02.87
when once again they will[br]head out into the open to feed
00:27:09.89,00:27:13.89
The moon's gravitational pull[br]is weaker nearer to the earth's equator,
00:27:14.90,00:27:18.89
so the more equatorial the location,[br]the smaller the tides
00:27:19.90,00:27:23.90
And out here in the Caribbean Sea[br]the tidal movements are slight
00:27:25.91,00:27:29.90
Even so, they are sufficient to push[br]free swimming plankton in their path
00:27:34.92,00:27:38.91
These are thimble jellyfish
00:27:39.92,00:27:42.93
They swim towards the sunlight[br]and invisible boundaries
00:27:42.93,00:27:46.93
formed by the tidal motion[br]help to herd them together,
00:27:46.93,00:27:50.93
until they gather in immense swarms
00:27:50.93,00:27:53.94
They put the tropical[br]sunshine to good use
00:27:53.94,00:27:55.94
- their brown colour[br]comes from algae that
00:27:55.94,00:27:59.93
live inside the jellyfish's bodies[br]and photosynthesise energy from the sun
00:28:12.96,00:28:14.96
In open water they[br]are fairly safe,
00:28:14.96,00:28:18.95
but the tide is sweeping the whole[br]swarm gently towards the Bahamas,
00:28:19.96,00:28:23.96
where hungry mouths are waiting
00:28:28.97,00:28:30.97
Although the sea level[br]does not change much
00:28:30.97,00:28:34.98
- the tides are still pushing[br]an enormous volume of water
00:28:34.98,00:28:38.97
from the ocean through the[br]small gaps between the island cays
00:28:49.99,00:28:53.99
Underwater the tidal currents[br]race past soft corals
00:29:00.00,00:29:04.00
And on over the sandy[br]banks themselves...
00:29:09.01,00:29:13.00
It is an immense area of coral sand[br]that is only just submerged at high tide
00:29:17.02,00:29:21.01
This incoming tide is bringing[br]in a fresh supply of oceanic plankton
00:29:22.02,00:29:26.02
and razorfish gather at the best spots[br]to catch the pick of the microscopic feast
00:29:33.04,00:29:35.04
Although there is plenty here[br]for these small fish to eat,
00:29:35.04,00:29:39.03
gathering in one place makes it[br]easy for their predators to find them
00:29:44.05,00:29:48.04
A nurse shark is little threat
00:29:50.05,00:29:54.05
But this sound heralds[br]a quite different danger
00:30:09.07,00:30:13.06
A bottlenose dolphin
00:30:15.08,00:30:19.07
It's using its sonar to locate[br]razor fish beneath the sand
00:30:28.09,00:30:32.08
Once it finds a suitable target[br]it simply digs out its prey
00:31:09.13,00:31:12.13
The buried fish have no defence[br]against this attack
00:31:12.13,00:31:16.13
They will simply have to wait[br]and hope they aren't found out
00:31:31.15,00:31:35.15
This dolphin appears to have a razor[br]fish craving - well, she is pregnant
00:31:47.17,00:31:51.16
Success, at last
00:32:02.18,00:32:04.19
The incoming tide sweeps[br]on towards America,
00:32:04.19,00:32:08.18
flooding across vast flat[br]plains of seagrass
00:32:09.19,00:32:11.19
They are so shallow that,[br]at low tide,
00:32:11.19,00:32:15.19
all large fish are forced[br]to retreat into deep water channels
00:32:16.20,00:32:20.19
Like these nurse sharks...[br]and these stingrays
00:32:22.20,00:32:26.21
Both predators hunt crustaceans[br]on the seagrass beds,
00:32:26.21,00:32:30.21
but until the flooding tide brings[br]enough water for them to swim in,
00:32:30.21,00:32:34.21
they will have to wait
00:32:39.22,00:32:43.23
So for now this tulip[br]snail it appears safe
00:32:43.23,00:32:46.23
to patrol the shallows[br]in search of a meal
00:32:46.23,00:32:50.22
But is it?
00:32:56.24,00:33:00.24
This I s a rather[br]bigger kind of snail
00:33:00.24,00:33:03.25
At five kilogrammes in weight,[br]the giant horse conch
00:33:03.25,00:33:07.24
has little to fear from any shark...[br]and it has a taste for tulip snail
00:33:17.26,00:33:21.25
Sensing the approaching danger[br]- the snail flees
00:33:23.27,00:33:27.26
But in a world of snail paces[br]- the conch is something of a Ferrari
00:33:30.27,00:33:34.27
It calls for desperate measures
00:33:35.28,00:33:37.28
Exhausted by the effort[br]of its last ditch attempt,
00:33:37.28,00:33:41.27
the tulip snail is slowly gunned down
00:33:49.29,00:33:53.28
The tide still has to rise for another[br]hour before the big predators can feed
00:33:55.30,00:33:59.29
But out on the flats the scent of[br]dying snail wafts away on the tide
00:34:02.30,00:34:06.30
It's a scent that these hermit crabs[br]are particularly partial to
00:34:10.31,00:34:13.32
It's vital that the crabs have[br]the best possible protection
00:34:13.32,00:34:17.31
from the heavy teeth of[br]the waiting sharks and rays
00:34:19.32,00:34:23.33
For that they need the shell[br]with a perfect fit
00:34:23.33,00:34:26.33
Today there is new real[br]estate on offer
00:34:26.33,00:34:30.32
- and competition in this[br]housing market is fierce
00:34:54.36,00:34:56.36
The action becomes even[br]more desperate
00:34:56.36,00:35:00.35
when the shell of the devoured[br]snail is ready for release
00:35:11.37,00:35:15.37
This crab simply can't[br]wait any longer
00:35:18.38,00:35:22.37
But it's a decidedly[br]risky acquisition
00:35:26.39,00:35:29.39
The risk paid off handsomely[br]- the new shell is both lighter
00:35:29.39,00:35:33.40
and stronger than the old home[br]and it's not a moment too soon
00:35:33.40,00:35:37.39
because the tide is flowing in strongly,[br]flooding the plains
00:35:40.40,00:35:44.40
At last, the predators are free[br]to start their foraging
00:35:53.42,00:35:57.42
Both the stingrays and sharks have[br]a highly developed electrical sense
00:35:57.42,00:36:00.42
which they use to search[br]for buried invertebrates
00:36:00.42,00:36:04.42
- they can sense minute[br]movements beneath the sand
00:36:08.43,00:36:11.43
Finding a promising signal,[br]this ray digs out its meal,
00:36:11.43,00:36:15.43
an unprotected hermit crab[br]would have no chance
00:36:23.45,00:36:26.45
Within a few hours the tide[br]ebbs out once more,
00:36:26.45,00:36:30.44
and all the predators[br]are forced to leave
00:36:35.46,00:36:38.46
They will have to wait[br]until the next high tide
00:36:38.46,00:36:42.45
before making another feeding foray
00:36:46.47,00:36:49.47
At certain times of the[br]year called the equinox,
00:36:49.47,00:36:53.46
spring tides are exceptionally large[br]and rise even higher than normal
00:36:56.48,00:37:00.47
Now predators can reach the very[br]shallowest fringes of the seagrass flats
00:37:02.48,00:37:06.48
These two metre long tarpon[br]are heading further inshore still
00:37:07.49,00:37:11.48
They are heading for the mangroves
00:37:12.49,00:37:16.49
These flooded forests cover huge[br]areas of the coastal shallows
00:37:19.50,00:37:21.50
Extraordinarily, the roots[br]of the mangrove trees
00:37:21.50,00:37:25.50
can live in salt water and they[br]make a perfect nursery for small fish
00:37:35.52,00:37:39.51
Silversides and snapper find[br]sanctuary in the maze of roots
00:37:40.52,00:37:44.52
- big predators seldom[br]find a way in here
00:37:50.53,00:37:54.53
And now the tide is[br]falling once more
00:37:58.54,00:38:01.54
The water starts losing[br]what little oxygen it contained
00:38:01.54,00:38:05.54
and quickly becomes stagnant
00:38:07.55,00:38:10.55
Most predators have[br]abandoned the mangroves,
00:38:10.55,00:38:14.55
but these tarpon are still[br]here trapped by the falling tide
00:38:20.56,00:38:23.57
The dissolved oxygen[br]is fast running out,
00:38:23.57,00:38:27.56
but they have a vital[br]survival technique...
00:38:29.57,00:38:33.56
...they can breathe air
00:38:42.58,00:38:45.59
Pumped up with fresh oxygen[br]they can easily out
00:38:45.59,00:38:49.58
manoeuvre the dozy silversides
00:39:10.61,00:39:14.61
The tide has turned again
00:39:16.62,00:39:18.62
And this is no ordinary tide
00:39:18.62,00:39:22.62
Since it is the equinox[br]- the tide is rising fast
00:39:22.62,00:39:26.62
but now out to sea a hurricane is on[br]its way, forcing the tide yet higher
00:39:58.66,00:40:02.65
The passing storm leaves large areas[br]of the coast flooded by the sea...
00:40:07.67,00:40:10.67
...and the low lying islands[br]like the Bahamas
00:40:10.67,00:40:14.67
are even more prone[br]to storm flooding
00:40:15.68,00:40:19.68
The sun's power here is immense
00:40:19.68,00:40:23.69
As the tide recedes and the[br]remaining flood water evaporates
00:40:23.69,00:40:27.68
- a remarkable transformation[br]takes place...
00:40:37.70,00:40:41.69
The mud is coated with[br]a magical world of salt
00:40:51.71,00:40:55.71
Any remaining water is extremely salty[br]- very few creatures can survive here...
00:40:57.72,00:41:01.71
...except these brine shrimp
00:41:07.73,00:41:11.72
And on the water's edge, brine flies
00:41:12.73,00:41:16.73
Both are the favourite food[br]of an extraordinary animal
00:41:19.74,00:41:23.73
The Caribbean Flamingo
00:41:25.75,00:41:29.75
Remarkably, they actually[br]seek out such briny places
00:41:29.75,00:41:33.74
- they are the best spots for[br]them to find their food
00:41:47.77,00:41:51.76
And they also provide the protection[br]the flamingos need to raise their young
00:41:55.78,00:41:58.78
Nesting sites like this are[br]surrounded by corrosive brine
00:41:58.78,00:42:02.77
It's a formidable barrier to any predators[br]seeking to dine on flamingo chicks
00:42:08.79,00:42:12.79
The Flamingo takes the precaution[br]of building next
00:42:12.79,00:42:16.79
Just in case of further flatting
00:42:23.81,00:42:26.81
Strangely, it's actually the[br]power of the storm tides
00:42:26.81,00:42:29.81
that gives the flamingos[br]both their food
00:42:29.81,00:42:33.80
and a perfect habitat in which to breed
00:42:46.83,00:42:48.83
The breeding of many animals in the ocean
00:42:48.83,00:42:52.83
is closely co-ordinated[br]with the tidal cycles
00:42:52.83,00:42:56.83
A half moon in November.[br]It is the time for small tides.
00:43:03.85,00:43:07.85
Christmas Island in the Pacific
00:43:07.85,00:43:11.84
Strange happenings are afoot
00:43:17.86,00:43:19.86
It is one of only a few nights each year
00:43:19.86,00:43:23.85
when female Christmas Island crabs[br]risk heading down towards the sea
00:43:28.87,00:43:32.87
Around the island they number[br]in tens of thousands
00:43:32.87,00:43:36.87
and all of them are laden[br]with hundreds of eggs
00:43:38.88,00:43:42.87
They have to shed them into the ocean[br]if the eggs are to develop into baby crabs
00:43:47.89,00:43:51.88
But these are land crabs and they can[br]neither swim nor breathe underwater
00:44:05.91,00:44:07.91
There is a great risk of drowning,
00:44:07.91,00:44:10.91
which is why they pick the[br]smallest tides of the month
00:44:10.91,00:44:14.91
- to minimise the danger
00:44:38.94,00:44:42.94
The eggs will develop far[br]offshore and in exactly
00:44:42.94,00:44:46.95
one month's time a great swarm[br]of baby crabs will return,
00:44:46.95,00:44:50.94
again choosing the perfect tide
00:44:56.96,00:44:59.96
Whether it's the daily or monthly cycle,
00:44:59.96,00:45:03.97
tides are the rhythm of the ocean[br]- its pulsing clock
00:45:03.97,00:45:07.96
For every tide brings opportunity[br]to marine life somewhere in the world
00:45:15.98,00:45:19.97
Now a spring tide is flooding the[br]shallows and hunters are on the prowl
00:45:23.99,00:45:27.99
A small group of bottlenose dolphin[br]are working their way
00:45:27.99,00:45:31.98
inshore to start a quite[br]extraordinary hunting campaign
00:45:58.02,00:46:02.01
After one successful pass the dolphin[br]move off to start again
00:46:04.03,00:46:08.03
One animal peels off from the group[br]and swims rapidly in a circle,
00:46:08.03,00:46:12.02
stirring up the mud and driving[br]the mullet towards the other waiting dolphins
00:46:17.04,00:46:21.03
It's a remarkable team effort[br]and it is extremely effective
00:46:28.05,00:46:31.05
The dolphin will feed like this[br]for as long as the tide grants
00:46:31.05,00:46:35.05
them access to the shallows
00:47:21.10,00:47:25.10
Eventually the falling tide will[br]force the dolphin to leave the flats
00:47:26.11,00:47:30.10
and the mullet will be safe once more[br]- until the next high tide
00:47:35.12,00:47:39.12
Because in the ocean every[br]turn of the tide spells
00:47:39.12,00:47:43.11
the difference between[br]life and death, somewhere |
B-Happy
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